01. Human development index
Human development index value, 2005	0.619
Life expectancy at birth, annual estimates (years), 2005	63.7
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-2005	61.0
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education (%), 2005	63.8	1
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 2005	3,452	2
Life expectancy index	0.645
Education index	0.620
GDP index	0.591
GDP per capita (PPP US$) rank minus HDI rank	- 11
1a. Basic indicators for other UN member states
Life expectancy at birth, annual estimates (years), 2000-05	63.7
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-2005	61.0
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education (%), 2005	63.8
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 2005	3,452
Population, total (thousands), 2004	1,134,403
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 2000-05	3.1
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 2005	74
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 2004	89
HIV prevalence (% aged 15-49), 2005	0.9 [0.5–1.5]
Population undernourished (% of total population), 2002/04	20
Population using an improved water source (%), 2004	86
02. Human development index trends
Human development index (trends), 1975	0.419
Human development index (trends), 1980	0.450
Human development index (trends), 1985	0.487
Human development index (trends), 1990	0.521
Human development index (trends), 1995	0.551
Human development index (trends), 2000	0.578
Human development index (trends), 2005	0.619
03. Human and income poverty: developing countries
Human poverty index (HPI-1) rank	62
Human Poverty Index (HPI-1) value (%)	31.3
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 40 (% of cohort), 2000-05	16.8
Adult illiteracy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-2005	39.0	3
Population not using an improved water source (%), 2004	14
Children underweight for age (% under age 5), 1996-2005	47
Population living below $1 a day (%), 1990-2005	34.3
Population living below $2 a day (%), 1990-2005	80.4
Population living below the national poverty line (%), 1990-2004	28.6	4
HPI-1 rank minus income poverty rank	- 13
04. Human and income poverty: OECD countries, Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS
Human poverty index (HPI-2) rank	..
Human poverty index (HPI-2) value (%)	..
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 60 (% of cohort), 2000-05	30.9
Population lacking functional literacy skills (% aged 16-65), 1994-2003	..
Long-term unemployment (% of labour force), 2006	..
Population living below 50% of median income (%), 2000-2004	..	4
Population living below $11 a day (1994 PPP US$), 1994-95	..
Population living below $4 a day (1990 PPP US$), 2000-04	..	4
HPI-2 rank minus income poverty rank	..
05. Demographic trends
Population, total (millions), 1975	613.8
Population, total (millions), 2005	1,134.4
Population, total (millions), 2015	1,302.5
Population, annual growth rate (%), 1975-2005	2.0
Population, annual growth rate (%), 2005-15	1.4
Population, urban (% of total population), 1975	21.3
Population, urban (% of total population), 2005	28.7
Population, urban (% of total population), 2015	32.0
Population under age 15 (% of total population), 2005	33.0
Population under age 15 (% of total population), 2015	28.7
Population aged 65 and older (% of total population), 2005	5.0
Population aged 65 and older (% of total population), 2015	5.8
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 1970-75	5.3
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 2000-05	3.1
06. Commitment to health: resources, access and services
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 2004	0.9
Private expenditure on health (% of GDP), 2004	4.1
Health expenditure per capita (PPP US$), 2004	91
One-year-olds fully immunized against tuberculosis (%), 2005	75
One-year-olds fully immunized against measles (%), 2005	58
Children with diarrhoea receiving oral rehydration and continued feeding (% under age 5), 1998-2005	22
Contraceptive prevalence rate (% of married women aged 15-49), 1997-2005	47
Births attended by skilled health personnel (%), 1997-2005	43
Physicians (per 100,000 people), 2000-04	60	4
07. Water, sanitation and nutritional status
Population using improved sanitation (%), 1990	14
Population using improved sanitation (%), 2004	33
Population using an improved water source (%), 1990	70
Population using an improved water source (%), 2004	86
Population undernourished (% of total population), 1990-92	25	4
Population undernourished (% of total population), 2002-04	20
Children under weight for age (% under age 5), 1996-2005	47
Children under height for age (% under age 5), 1996-2005	51	4
Infants with low birthweight (%), 1998-2005	30
08. Inequalities in maternal and child health
Survey year for inequality data in table 8	1998-99
Births attended by skilled health personnel, poorest 20% (%)	16
Births attended by skilled health personnel, richest 20% (%)	84
One-year-olds fully immunized, poorest 20% (%)	21
One-year-olds fully immunized, richest 20% (%)	64
Children under height for age, poorest 20% (% children under age 5)	58
Children under height for age, richest 20% (% children under age 5)	27
Infant mortality rate, poorest 20% (per 1,000 live births)	97
Infant mortality rate, richest 20% (per 1,000 live births)	38
Under-five mortality rate, poorest 20% (per 1,000 live births)	141
Under-five mortality rate, richest 20% (per 1,000 live births)	46
09. Leading global health crises and risks
HIV prevalence (% aged 15-49), 2005	0.9 [0.5–1.5]
Condom use at last high-risk sex, women (% aged 15-24), 1999-2005	51
Condom use at last high-risk sex, men (% aged 15-24), 1999-2005	59
Children under age 5 using insecticide-treated bednets (%), 1999-2005	..
Children under age 5 with fever treated with antimalarial drugs (%), 1999-2005	12
Tuberculosis cases, prevalence (per 100,000 people), 2005	299
Tuberculosis cases detected under DOTS (%), 2005	61
Tuberculosis cases cured under DOTS (%), 2003	86
Prevalence of smoking, women (% of adults), 2002-04	17	4
Prevalence of smoking, men (% of adults), 2002-04	47	4
10. Survival: progress and setbacks
Life expectancy at birth, quinquennial estimates (years), 1970-75	50.7
Life expectancy at birth, quinquennial estimates (years), 2000-05	62.9
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 1970	127
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 2005	56
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 1970	202
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 2005	74
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, female (% of cohort), 2000-05	66.1
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, male (% of cohort), 2000-05	57.4
Maternal mortality ratio, reported (per 100,000 live births), 1990-2004	540
Maternal mortality ratio, adjusted (per 100,000 live births), 2000	450	4
11. Commitment to education: public spending
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 1991	3.7
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2002-05	3.8
Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure), 1991	12.2
Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure), 2002-05	10.7
Current public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 1991	..
Current public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 2002-05	31	56
Current public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 1991	..
Current public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 2002-05	..
Current public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 1991	..
Current public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 2002-05	18	56
12. Literacy and enrolment
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1985-1995	48.2
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-2005	61.0	7
Youth literacy rate (% aged 15-24), 1985-1995	61.9
Youth literacy rate (% aged 15-24), 1995-2005	76.4	7
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 1991	..
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 2005	89	8
Net secondary enrolment rate (%), 1991	..
Net secondary enrolment rate (%), 2005	..
Children reaching grade 5 (% of grade 1 students), 1991	..
Children reaching grade 5 (% of grade 1 students), 2004	73
Tertiary students in science, engineering, manufacturing and construction (% of tertiary students), 1999-2005	22	9
13. Technology: diffusion and creation
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 1990	6
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 2005	45
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 1990	0
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 2005	82
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 1990	0
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 2005	55
Patents granted to residents (per million peole), 2005	1
Receipts of royalties and license fees (US$ per person), 2005	(.)	10
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP), 2000-2005	0.845188697562186
Researchers in R&D (per million people), 1990-2005	119
14. Economic performance
GDP (current US$ billions), 2005	805.7
GDP, PPP (current international $ billions), 2005	3,779.0	11
GDP per capita (US$), 2005	736
GDP per capita, PPP (2005 international $), 2005	3,452	11
GDP per capita, annual growth rate (%), 1975-2005	3.4
GDP per capita, annual growth rate (%), 1990-2005	4.2
GDP per capita, highest value (2005 PPP US$), 1975-2005	3,452
GDP per capita, year of highest value	2005
Consumer price index, average annual change in (%), 1990-2005	7.2
Consumer price index, average annual change in (%), 2004-05	4.2
15. Inequality in income or expenditure
Survey Year	2004-05	12
Share of income or consumption, poorest 10% (%)	3.6
Share of income or consumption, poorest 20% (%)	8.1
Share of income or consumption, richest 20% (%)	45.3
Share of income or consumption, richest 10% (%)	31.1
Inequality measures, ratio of richest 10% to poorest 10%	8.6
Inequality measures, ratio of richest 20% to poorest 20%	5.6
Gini index	36.8
16. Structure of trade
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 1990	9
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 2005	24
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 1990	7
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 2005	21
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 1990	28
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 2005	29
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 1990	70
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 2005	70
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports), 1990	2.4
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports), 2005	4.9	13
Terms of trade (2000=100), 2004-2005	76
17. OECD-DAC country expenditures on aid
Official development assistance, net disbursed (US$ millions), 2005	..
Official development assistance, net disbursed (% of GNI), 1990	..
Official development assistance, net disbursed (% of GNI), 2005	..
Official development assistance per capita of donor country (2005 US$), 1990	..
Official development assistance per capita of donor country (2005 US$), 2005	..
Official development assistance to least developed countries (% of total), 1990	..
Official development assistance to least developed countries (% of total), 2005	..
Official development assistance to basic social services (% of total allocable by sector), 1996-1997	..
Official development assistance to basic social services (% of total allocable by sector), 2004-2005	..
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 1990	..
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 2005	..
18. Flows of aid, private capital and debt
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (US$ millions), 2005	1,724.1
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) per capita (US$), 2005	1.6
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (% of GDP), 1990	0.4
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (% of GDP), 2005	0.2
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), 1990	0.1
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), 2005	0.8
Private flows, other (% of GDP), 1990	0.5
Private flows, other (% of GDP), 2005	1.5
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 1990	2.6
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 2005	3.0
Debt service, total (% of exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 1990	31.9
Debt service, total (% of exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 2005	19.1	14
19. Priorities in public spending
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 2004	0.9
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 1991	3.7
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2002-05	3.8
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 1990	3.2
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 2005	2.8
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 1990	2.6
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 2005	3.0
20. Unemployment in OECD countries
Unemployed people (thousands), 2006	..
Unemployment rate Total (% of labour force), 2006	..
Unemployment rate, average annual (% of labour force), 1996-2006	..
Unemployment rate Female (% of male rate), 2006	..
Youth unemployment rate, total (% of labour force aged 15-24), 2006	..
Youth unemployment rate (female rate as % of male rate), 2006	..
Long-term unemployment, women (% of total unemployment), 2006	..
Long-term unemployment, men (% of total unemployment), 2006	..
21. Unemployment and informal sector work in non-OECD countries
Unemployed people (thousands), 1996-2005	16,634
Unemployment rate Total (% of labour force), 1996-2005	4.3
Unemployment rate (female rate as % of male rate), 1996-2005	100
Employment, total (thousands), 1996-2005	308,760	4
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment), 1996-2005	67	4
Employment in industry (% of total employment), 1996-2005	13	4
Employment in services (% of total employment), 1996-2005	20	44
Survey year, 1990-2004	2000	4
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, both sexes (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004	56	4
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, female (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004	57	4
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, male (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004	55	4
22. Energy and the environment
Electricity consumption per capita (kilowatt-hours), 2004	618
Electricity consumption per capita (% change), 1990-2004	0.8
Electrification rate (%)	56
Population without electricity (millions)	487.2
GDP per unit of energy use (2000 PPP US$ per kg of oil equivalent), 2004	5.5
GDP per unit of energy use (% change), 1990-2004	0.4
Forest area (% total land), 2005	22.8
Forest area (thousand sq km), 2005	677.0
Forest area change from 1990-2005 (thousand sq km), 1990-2005	37.6
Forest area, average annual change (%), 1990-2005	0.4
23. Energy sources
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (Mt of oil equivalent), 1990	319.9
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (Mt of oil equivalent), 2005	537.3
Coal (% of total primary energy supply), 1990	33.2
Coal (% of total primary energy supply), 2005	38.7
Oil (% of total primary energy supply), 1990	19.6
Oil (% of total primary energy supply), 2005	23.9
Gas (% of total primary energy supply), 1990	3.1
Gas (% of total primary energy supply), 2005	5.4
Hydro, solar, wind and geothermal power (% of total primary energy supply), 1990	1.9
Hydro, solar, wind and geothermal power (% of total primary energy supply), 2005	1.7
Biomass and waste (% of total primary energy supply), 1990	41.7
Biomass and waste (% of total primary energy supply), 2005	29.4
Nuclear power (% of total primary energy supply), 1990	0.5
Nuclear power (% of total primary energy supply), 2005	0.8
24. Carbon dioxide emissions and stocks
CO2 emissions, total (Mt CO2), 1990	681.7
CO2 emissions, total (Mt CO2), 2004	1,342.1
CO2 emissions, average annual change in (%), 1990-2004	6.9
CO2 emissions (% of world total), 1990	3.0
CO2 emissions (% of world total), 2004	4.6
CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes), 1990	0.8
CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes), 2004	1.2
Carbon intensity of energy (kt CO2 per kt of oil equivalent), 1990	1.89
Carbon intensity of energy (kt CO2 per kt of oil equivalent), 2004	2.34
Carbon intensity of growth ( kt CO2 per million 2000 PPP US$), 1990	0.48
Carbon intensity of growth ( kt CO2 per million 2000 PPP US$), 2004	0.44
CO2 emissions/sequestration from forests (Mt CO2 per year), 1990-2005	- 40.8
Carbon stocks in forests (living biomass) (Mt C), 2005	2,343.0
25. Status of major international environmental treaties
Status of environmental treaties - Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (year of ratification/signature)	2003
Status of environmental treaties - Framework Convention on Climate Change (year of ratification/signature)	1993
Status of environmental treaties - Kyoto Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change (year of ratification/signature)	2002
Status of environmental treaties - Convention on Biological Diversity (year of ratification/signature)	1994
Status of environmental treaties - Vienna Convention for the protection of the Ozone Layer (year of ratification/signature), 1988	1991
Status of environmental treaties - Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer (year of ratification/signature)	1992
Status of environmental treaties - Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (year of ratification/signature), 2001	2006
Status of environmental treaties - UN Law of the Sea (year of ratification/signature)	1995
Status of environmental treaties - UN Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (year of ratification/signature)	1996
26. Refugees and armaments
Internally displaced people (thousands), 2006	600
Refugees by country of asylum (thousands), 2006	158
Refugees by country of origin (thousands), 2006	18
Conventional arms transfers, imports (1990 US$ millions), 1996	996
Conventional arms transfers, imports (1990 US$ millions), 2006	1,672
Conventional arms transfers, exports (1990 US$ millions), 2006	11
Conventional arms transfers, exports (% of world total), 2002-06	(.)
Armed forces (thousands), 2007	1,316
Armed forces, index (1985=100), 2007	104
27. Crime and justice
Homicides (per 100,000 people), 2000-2004	3.7	4
Prison population total, 2007	332112
Prison population (per 100,000 people), 2007	30
Prison population (% female), 2007	4
Year in which countries have partially or completely abolished the death penalty	..	4
28. Gender-related development index
Gender-related development index (GDI) rank, 2005	112
Gender-related development index (GDI) value, 2005	0.600
Life expectancy at birth, female (years), 2005	65.3
Life expectancy at birth, male (years), 2005	62.3
Adult literacy rate, female (% aged 15 and older), 2005	47.8	4
Adult literacy rate, male (% aged 15 and older), 2005	73.4	4
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education, female (%) , 2005	60
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education, male (%) , 2005	68
Estimated earned income, female (PPP US$), 2005	1,620	15
Estimated earned income, male (PPP US$), 2005	5,194	15
HDI rank minus GDI rank, 2005	0
29. Gender empowerment measure
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) rank	..
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) value	..
Seats in parliament (% held by women)	9.0
Legislators, senior officials and managers (% female), 1999-2005	..
Professional and technical workers (% female), 1994-2005	..
Ratio of estimated female to male earned income	0.31
30. Gender inequality in education
Adult literacy rate, female (% aged 15 and older) , 2005	47.8
Adult literacy rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 2005	0.65
Youth literacy rate, female (% aged 15-24), 2005	67.7
Youth literacy rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 2005	0.80
Net primary enrolment rate, female (%), 2005	85	16
Net primary enrolment rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 2005	0.93	16
Gross primary enrolment ratio, female (%), 2005	116	16
Gross primary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio)	0.94	16
Gross secondary enrolment ratio, female (%), 2005	50
Gross secondary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio), 2005	0.80
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio, female (%), 2005	9
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio), 2005	0.70
31. Gender inequality in economic activity
Economic activity rate, female (% aged 15 and older), 2005	34.0
Economic activity index (1990=100), female (aged 15 and older), 2005	94
Economic activity rate (female rate as % of male rate, aged 15 and older), 2005	42
Employment in agriculture, female (% of total female employment), 1995-2005	..
Employment in agriculture, male (% of total male employment), 1995-2004	..
Employment in industry, female (% of total female employment), 1995-2003	..
Employment in industry, male (% of total male employment), 1995-2003	..
Employment in services, female (% of total female employment), 1995-2003	..
Employment in services, male (% of total male employment), 1995-2003	..
Contributing family workers, women (% of total), 1995-2005	..
Contributing family workers, men (% of total), 1995-2004	..
33. Women’s political participation
Year women received right to vote	1935, 1950
Year women received right to stand for election	1935, 1950
Year first woman elected (E) or appointed (A) to parliament	1952 E
Women in government at ministerial level (as % of total), 2005	3.4
Seats in lower house or single house (% held by women), 1990	5.0
Seats in lower house or single house (% held by women), 2007	8.3
Seats in upper house or senate (% held by women), 2007	10.7
34. Status of major international human rights instruments
Status of human rights instruments: International convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (year of ratification/signature), 1948	1959
Status of human rights instruments: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (year of ratification/signature), 1965	1968
Status of human rights instruments: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (year of ratification/signature), 1966	1979
Status of human rights instruments: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (year of ratification/signature), 1966	1979
Status of human rights instruments: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (year of ratification/signature), 1979	1993
Status of human rights instruments: Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (year of ratification/signature), 1984	1997	4
Status of human rights instruments: Convention on the Rights of the Child (year of ratification/signature), 1989	1992
35. Status of fundamental labour rights conventions
Status of labour rights conventions: Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 87 (year of ratification/signature)	..
Status of labour rights conventions: Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 98 (year of ratification/signature)	..
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 29 (year of ratification/signature)	1954
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 105 (year of ratification/signature)	2000
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation - Convention 100 (year of ratification/signature)	1958
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation - Convention 111 (year of ratification/signature)	1960
Status of labour rights conventions: Abolition of child labour - Convention 138 (year of ratification/signature)	..
Status of labour rights conventions: Abolition of child labour - Convention 182 (year of ratification/signature)	..

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Notes:
 

1 -	National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
2 -	World Bank estimate based on regression.
3 -	Data refer to a year or period other than that specified, differ from the standard definition or refer to only part of a country.
4 -
5 -	National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
6 -	Data refer to an earlier year than that specified (in the period 1999 to 2001).
7 -	Data exclude three sub-divisions of Senapati district of Manipur: Mao Maram, Paomata and Purul.
8 -	National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
9 -	Figure should be treated with caution because the reported number of enrolled students in the "Not known or unspecified" category represents more than 10% of total enrolment.
10 -	Data refer to 2003.
11 -	World Bank estimates based on regression.
12 -	Data refer to expenditure shares by percentiles of population, ranked by per capita expenditure.
13 -	Data refer to an earlier year than that specified; from 2000 onwards.
14 -	Data refer to 2003.
15 -	No wage data are available. For the purposes of calculating the estimated female and male earned income, a value of 0.75 was used for the ratio of the female nonagricultural wage to the male nonagricultural wage.
16 -	National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.