The Significance of Peer Learning in School Education in India
A Comprehensive Analysis Based on UDISEPlus 2021-22 Data
Introduction
Peer learning has emerged as a valuable pedagogical approach in the Indian education system, encouraging collaborative learning and knowledge-sharing among students. Peer learning has gained significant recognition in education across the globe, promoting collaborative learning and enhancing academic performance.
This present article presents a comprehensive analysis of the implementation and impact of peer learning in government and government-aided schools at different educational levels across India. Drawing insights from the UDISEPlus 2021-22 data, we will examine the number and percentage of schools adopting peer learning, explicitly focusing on notable states
Pear-Learning Analysis at the All-India Level
Primary Schools
- Number of Government & Government-Aided Primary Schools: 6,50,146
- Number of Primary Schools with Peer Learning: 3,37,643
- Percentage of Primary Schools with Peer Learning: 51.9 percent
Upper Primary Schools
- Number of Government & Government-Aided Upper Primary Schools: 2,93,590
- Number of Upper Primary Schools with Peer Learning: 1,52,010
- Percentage of Upper Primary Schools with Peer Learning: 51.8 percent
Secondary Schools
- Number of Government & Government-Aided Secondary Schools: 83,537
- Number of Secondary Schools with Peer Learning: 42,061
- Percentage of Secondary Schools with Peer Learning: 50.4 percent
Higher Secondary Schools
- Number of Government & Government-Aided Higher Secondary Schools: 77,593
- Number of Higher Secondary Schools with Peer Learning: 32,744
- Percentage of Higher Secondary Schools with Peer Learning: 42.2 percent
The analysis reveals that at the all-India level, more than half of the government and government-aided schools across all educational levels have integrated peer learning into their teaching methodologies. At the national level, the data reveals that peer learning is gaining momentum in Indian schools, with an average implementation rate of 33.5 percent. This indicates a positive trend towards embracing collaborative learning strategies in the educational system. Notably, primary schools have the highest adoption rate, followed closely by upper primary schools. However, there is a slight decline in the implementation of peer learning in secondary and higher secondary schools, indicating room for improvement in these levels.
Analysis of Peer Learning Implementation in Indian States
As has been mentioned above Peer learning is an effective educational approach that promotes collaboration, active engagement, and knowledge sharing among students. In this section, the analysis aims to evaluate the implementation of peer learning practices in select states across India, shedding light on state-level trends, using data collected from the UIDSE+ 2021-22, Department of School Education & Literacy, Ministry of Education.
Kerala: Kerala demonstrates a commendable implementation rate of peer learning across all educational levels. Kerala sets a benchmark for other states, with 58.5 percent of primary, 81.6 percent of secondary, and 83.4 percent of higher secondary schools adopting peer learning. Incidentally, Kerala is one of the most educationally advanced states in India.
Lakshadweep: Lakshadweep shows a lower implementation rate of peer learning, with primary and upper primary schools having a 100 percent implementation rate and 84.6 percent higher secondary schools having adopted peer learning; this tiny UT doesn’t have an independent secondary school under the government and aided managements.
Madhya Pradesh: Madhya Pradesh has moderately progressed in implementing peer learning practices. While primary schools demonstrate a 42.2 percent implementation rate, there is room for improvement at the upper primary, secondary, and higher secondary levels.
Maharashtra: In Maharashtra, peer learning implementation varies across different educational levels. While primary (48.4 percent) and upper primary (48.1 percent) schools have a relatively higher adoption rate, the performance decreases at the secondary and higher secondary levels, highlighting the need for consistent integration of peer learning practices.
Tripura: With a 39.6 percent implementation rate at the primary level, Tripura showcases a moderate adoption of peer learning. Efforts should be made to increase implementation rates at the upper primary, secondary, and higher secondary levels.
Uttar Pradesh: Uttar Pradesh demonstrates varying levels of implementation across different educational levels. While primary schools have a commendable 58.3 percent implementation rate, there is room for improvement at the upper primary and higher secondary levels.
Uttarakhand: Uttarakhand consistently implements peer learning across primary, upper primary, secondary, and higher secondary schools, with implementation rates ranging from 54.0 percent to 57.8 percent.
West Bengal: West Bengal showcases a mixed implementation rate of peer learning, with slightly higher adoption rates at the primary and secondary school levels than at the upper primary and higher secondary levels. Efforts should be made to ensure comprehensive integration of peer learning at all educational levels.
Punjab: Punjab demonstrates a commendable implementation rate of peer learning across primary, upper primary, and secondary schools, with adoption rates ranging from 75.1 percent to 88.2 percent.
Rajasthan: Rajasthan exhibits a moderate implementation rate of peer learning across all educational levels, with primary (45.9 percent) and upper primary (52.2 percent) schools demonstrating higher adoption rates compared to secondary and higher secondary schools.
Sikkim: Sikkim showcases a steady implementation of peer learning across all levels, with implementation rates ranging from 46.6 percent to 68.0 percent. Efforts should be made to further enhance implementation at the primary level.
Telangana: Telangana demonstrates respectable implementation rates of peer learning, particularly at the primary and upper primary levels, with implementation rates ranging from 51.6 percent to 54.0 percent.
Bihar: Bihar exhibits a moderate implementation rate of peer learning across primary, upper primary, and secondary schools. However, the implementation rate decreases slightly at the higher secondary level.
- Number of Schools: 21,814,
- Primary Schools with Peer Learning: 12,122 (55.5 percent)
- Upper Primary Schools with Peer Learning: 1,914 (48.8 percent)
- Secondary Schools with Peer Learning: 1,165 (50.6 percent)
- Higher Secondary Schools with Peer Learning: 969 (42.6 percent)
Madhya Pradesh: Madhya Pradesh showcases a moderate implementation rate of peer learning across primary, upper primary, secondary, and higher secondary schools.
- Number of Schools: 58,826
- Primary Schools with Peer Learning: 24,917 (42.4 percent)
- Upper Primary Schools with Peer Learning: 4,921 (45.1 percent)
- Secondary Schools with Peer Learning: 4,771 (51.8 percent)
- Higher Secondary Schools with Peer Learning: 2,329 (48.8 percent)
Odisha: Odisha has a relatively high implementation rate of peer learning in primary schools, with around 63.7 percent of primary schools adopting this practice. However, the implementation rates decrease at the upper primary, secondary, and higher secondary levels, indicating room for improvement in these areas.
- Number of Schools: 27,438
- Primary Schools with Peer Learning: 17,508 (63.7 percent)
- Upper Primary Schools with Peer Learning: 8,610 (31.4 percent)
- Secondary Schools with Peer Learning: 1,323 (4.8 percent)
- Higher Secondary Schools with Peer Learning: 392 (1.4 percent)
Jharkhand: Jharkhand demonstrates a moderate implementation rate of peer learning across primary, secondary, and higher secondary schools. However, the implementation rate drops significantly at the upper primary level, indicating the need for stronger integration of peer learning practices in these schools.
- Number of Schools: 21,814
- Primary Schools with Peer Learning: 12,122 (55.5 percent)
- Upper Primary Schools with Peer Learning: 1,914 (8.8 percent)
- Secondary Schools with Peer Learning: 1,165 (5.3 percent)
Higher Secondary Schools with Peer Learning: 969 (4.4 percent)
Delhi: Delhi showcases varying levels of implementation of peer learning across different educational levels. While the primary and upper primary schools have relatively low adoption rates, the secondary schools demonstrate a high integration rate of peer learning. The implementation rate decreases slightly at the higher secondary level.
- Number of Schools: 1,671
- Primary Schools with Peer Learning: 39 (2.3 percent)
- Upper Primary Schools with Peer Learning: 122 (7.3 percent)
- Secondary Schools with Peer Learning: 1,177 (70.4 percent)
- Higher Secondary Schools with Peer Learning: 324 (19.4 percent)
Concluding Observations
Analyzing peer learning implementation in government and government-aided schools in India highlights the overall positive adoption trend at different educational levels. The analysis of peer learning reveals successful and emerging efforts to integrate collaborative learning practices into the education system. While primary and upper primary schools demonstrate higher acceptance, there is a need to further promote and integrate peer learning practices in secondary and higher secondary schools.
While a few states, such as Kerala and Punjab, lead the way, there is room for improvement in most remaining states. Increasing the implementation of peer learning practices, particularly at the upper primary and higher secondary levels, will contribute to a more holistic and practical educational experience for students across India.
Table 1: Number of Government and Government-Aided Schools that have introduced Peer Learning by Education Level & and Management based on UDISEPlus 2021-22 Data | ||||
India/State/UT
|
Number of Government & Government Aided Schools by Educational Level | |||
Primary Schools | Upper Primary Schools | Secondary Schools | Higher Secondary Schools | |
India | 650146 | 293590 | 83537 | 77593 |
Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 185 | 57 | 46 | 56 |
Andhra Pradesh | 34642 | 4285 | 6525 | 1227 |
Arunachal Pradesh | 1685 | 1002 | 232 | 134 |
Assam | 34948 | 8585 | 4250 | 1548 |
Bihar | 40563 | 25993 | 2516 | 7228 |
Chandigarh | 8 | 12 | 54 | 56 |
Chhattisgarh | 30892 | 13284 | 1949 | 3035 |
Dadra and Nagar Haveli & Daman and Diu | 167 | 163 | 31 | 35 |
Delhi | 1671 | 39 | 122 | 1177 |
Goa | 795 | 67 | 400 | 109 |
Gujarat | 12545 | 20680 | 3031 | 4033 |
Haryana | 8677 | 2450 | 1108 | 2343 |
Himachal Pradesh | 10563 | 1952 | 942 | 1923 |
Jammu and Kashmir | 12974 | 7612 | 1754 | 834 |
Jharkhand | 21814 | 12122 | 1914 | 1165 |
Karnataka | 21240 | 24635 | 8554 | 2360 |
Kerala | 5967 | 3486 | 778 | 1962 |
Ladakh | 355 | 382 | 85 | 44 |
Lakshadweep | 16 | 9 | 0 | 13 |
Madhya Pradesh | 58826 | 24917 | 4921 | 4771 |
Maharashtra | 46217 | 24885 | ######### | 6534 |
Manipur | 2309 | 605 | 461 | 97 |
Meghalaya | 7928 | 3157 | 699 | 171 |
Mizoram | 1277 | 1015 | 439 | 62 |
Nagaland | 1032 | 617 | 255 | 56 |
Odisha | 27438 | 17508 | 8610 | 1323 |
Puducherry | 236 | 48 | 91 | 80 |
Punjab | 12880 | 2541 | 1800 | 2488 |
Rajasthan | 33781 | 19498 | 3758 | 11911 |
Sikkim | 481 | 173 | 125 | 104 |
Tamil Nadu | 29274 | 8526 | 3692 | 4467 |
Telangana | 20080 | 3379 | 5913 | 1351 |
Tripura | 2137 | 1126 | 609 | 433 |
Uttar Pradesh | 87964 | 49339 | 2065 | 5769 |
Uttarakhand | 11511 | 2778 | 991 | 1812 |
West Bengal | 67068 | 6663 | 2777 | 6882 |
Source: UIDSE+ 2021-22, Department of School Education & Literacy, Ministry of Education. |
India/State/UT |
Table 2: Number of Government & Government Aided Schools which have introduced Peer Learning by Educational Level | ||||
Primary Schools | Upper Primary Schools | Secondary Schools | Higher Secondary Schools | ||
India | 337643 | 152010 | 42061 | 32744 | |
Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 156 | 51 | 40 | 42 | |
Andhra Pradesh | 28777 | 3302 | 5286 | 705 | |
Arunachal Pradesh | 333 | 254 | 102 | 56 | |
Assam | 23032 | 4556 | 2308 | 680 | |
Bihar | 8002 | 5928 | 565 | 1212 | |
Chandigarh | 7 | 12 | 53 | 54 | |
Chhattisgarh | 20782 | 8918 | 1193 | 1702 | |
Dadra and Nagar Haveli & Daman and Diu | 162 | 155 | 27 | 28 | |
Delhi | 1324 | 28 | 97 | 946 | |
Goa | 718 | 45 | 231 | 45 | |
Gujarat | 9442 | 15613 | 1030 | 1218 | |
Haryana | 6186 | 1643 | 719 | 1498 | |
Himachal Pradesh | 6616 | 1222 | 639 | 1172 | |
Jammu and Kashmir | 6485 | 4504 | 1035 | 425 | |
Jharkhand | 9397 | 5915 | 969 | 496 | |
Karnataka | 12875 | 15060 | 4679 | 790 | |
Kerala | 4929 | 2904 | 649 | 1600 | |
Ladakh | 114 | 154 | 43 | 32 | |
Lakshadweep | 16 | 9 | 0 | 11 | |
Madhya Pradesh | 24826 | 11235 | 2548 | 2329 | |
Maharashtra | 22357 | 11958 | 4637 | 2315 | |
Manipur | 367 | 111 | 115 | 42 | |
Meghalaya | 831 | 520 | 162 | 49 | |
Mizoram | 47 | 44 | 22 | 8 | |
Nagaland | 272 | 172 | 84 | 19 | |
Odisha | 18788 | 12295 | 5146 | 392 | |
Puducherry | 222 | 44 | 68 | 63 | |
Punjab | 11354 | 2123 | 1396 | 1869 | |
Rajasthan | 15518 | 10171 | 1944 | 6229 | |
Sikkim | 224 | 93 | 85 | 66 | |
Telangana | 10353 | 1823 | 3224 | 450 | |
Tripura | 847 | 516 | 352 | 228 | |
Uttar Pradesh | 51281 | 26480 | 575 | 1469 | |
Uttarakhand | 6651 | 1501 | 554 | 1037 | |
West Bengal | 34352 | 2651 | 1484 | 3467 |
Source: UIDSE+ 2021-22, Department of School Education & Literacy, Ministry of Education.
India/State/UT
|
Percentage of Government & Government Aided Schools which have introduced Peer Learning to Total Number of Schools by Educational Level | |||
Primary Schools | Upper Primary Schools | Secondary Schools | Higher Secondary Schools | |
India | 51.9 | 51.8 | 50.4 | 42.2 |
Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 84.3 | 89.5 | 87 | 75 |
Andhra Pradesh | 83.1 | 77.1 | 81 | 57.5 |
Arunachal Pradesh | 19.8 | 25.4 | 44 | 41.8 |
Assam | 65.9 | 53.1 | 54.3 | 43.9 |
Bihar | 19.7 | 22.8 | 22.5 | 16.8 |
Chandigarh | 87.5 | 100 | 98.2 | 96.4 |
Chhattisgarh | 67.3 | 67.1 | 61.2 | 56.1 |
Dadra and Nagar Haveli & Daman and Diu | 97 | 95.1 | 87.1 | 80 |
Delhi | 79.2 | 71.8 | 79.5 | 80.4 |
Goa | 90.3 | 67.2 | 57.8 | 41.3 |
Gujarat | 75.3 | 75.5 | 34 | 30.2 |
Haryana | 71.3 | 67.1 | 64.9 | 63.9 |
Himachal Pradesh | 62.6 | 62.6 | 67.8 | 61 |
Jammu and Kashmir | 50 | 59.2 | 59 | 51 |
Jharkhand | 43.1 | 48.8 | 50.6 | 42.6 |
Karnataka | 60.6 | 61.1 | 54.7 | 33.5 |
Kerala | 82.6 | 83.3 | 83.4 | 81.6 |
Ladakh | 32.1 | 40.3 | 50.6 | 72.7 |
Lakshadweep | 100 | 100 | 0 | 84.6 |
Madhya Pradesh | 42.2 | 45.1 | 51.8 | 48.8 |
Maharashtra | 48.4 | 48.1 | 38.5 | 35.4 |
Manipur | 15.9 | 18.4 | 25 | 43.3 |
Meghalaya | 10.5 | 16.5 | 23.2 | 28.7 |
Mizoram | 3.7 | 4.3 | 5 | 12.9 |
Nagaland | 26.4 | 27.9 | 32.9 | 33.9 |
Odisha | 68.5 | 70.2 | 59.8 | 29.6 |
Puducherry | 94.1 | 91.7 | 74.7 | 78.8 |
Punjab | 88.2 | 83.6 | 77.6 | 75.1 |
Rajasthan | 45.9 | 52.2 | 51.7 | 52.3 |
Sikkim | 46.6 | 53.8 | 68 | 63.5 |
Tamil Nadu | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Telangana | 51.6 | 54 | 54.5 | 33.3 |
Tripura | 39.6 | 45.8 | 57.8 | 52.7 |
Uttar Pradesh | 58.3 | 53.7 | 27.9 | 25.5 |
Uttarakhand | 57.8 | 54 | 55.9 | 57.2 |
West Bengal | 51.2 | 39.8 | 53.4 | 50.4 |