Statement II: Status of UEE in the Light of NCERT Sixth All India Educational Survey Data
- Table_12: Growth in School Enrolment
- Table_13: Share of Girls Enrolment
- Table14: Gross Enrolment Ratio
- Table_15: Enrolment and Attendance Ratio
- Table_16: Retention Rate
- Table_17: Repetition Rates in Primary Grades
- Table_18: Rates of Efficiency
- Table_19: Transition Rates at the All India Level
- Table_20: State-specific Transition Rates
- Table_21: Out of School Children
- Table_22: Likely Year of Achievement of UPE/UEE
Table 12: Growth in School Enrolment (In Million)
Primary Upper Primary
Year Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
1950-51 13.8 5.4 19.2 2.6 0.5 3.1
1960-61 23.6 11.4 35.0 5.1 1.6 6.7
1970-71 35.7 21.3 57.0 9.4 3.9 13.3
1980-81 45.3 28.5 73.8 13.9 6.8 20.7
1990-91 57.0 40.4 97.4 21.5 12.5 34.0
1998-99* 62.7 48.2 110.9 24.0 16.3 40.3
Growth Rate (%) 1.2 2.2 1.6 1.4 3.4 2.2
* Provisional, Source : MHRD (2000a). The author computed growth rates (1990-98).
Table 13 : Share of Girls Enrolment at the Primary and Upper Primary Levels of Education, All India : 1950-51 to 1998-99 (In Percentage)
Year Primary Upper Primary
1950-51 28.13 16.13
1960-61 32.57 24.32
1970-71 37.37 29.32
1980-81 38.62 32.85
1990-91 41.48 36.76
1998-99* 43.50 40.50
* Provisional, Source : MHRD (2000a).
Table 14: Gross Enrolment Ratio, All India Level: 1950-51 to 1998-99
Year | Primary | Upper Primary | ||
Boys | Girls | Boys | Girls | |
1950-51 | 60.6 | 24.8 | 20.6 | 4.6 |
1960-61 | 82.6 | 41.4 | 33.2 | 11.3 |
1970-71 | 95.5 | 60.5 | 46.5 | 20.8 |
1980-81 | 95.8 | 64.1 | 54.3 | 28.6 |
1990-91 | 114.0 | 85.5 | 76.6 | 47.0 |
1998-99* | 100.9 | 82.9 | 65.3 | 49.1 |
* Provisional, Source: MHRD (2000a).
Table 15: State-specific Enrolment and Attendance Ratio
RATIO, 1997-98 | ATTENDANCE RATIO, 1995-96 | |||||||
PRIMARY | GROSS | NET | AGE-SPECIFIC | |||||
STATE | GER | NER | P | UP | P | UP | 6-10 | 11-13 |
Andhra Pradesh | 90 | 69 | 86 | 56 | 69 | 41 | 75 | 60 |
Arunachal Pradesh | 97 | 69 | 90 | 65 | 69 | 29 | 65 | 82 |
Assam | 109 | 98 | 91 | 73 | 98 | 43 | 73 | 80 |
Bihar | 76 | 76 | 54 | 51 | 76 | 33 | 43 | 58 |
Goa | 86 | 61 | 118 | 99 | 61 | 62 | 99 | 89 |
Gujarat | 118 | 86 | 95 | 67 | 86 | 52 | 80 | 77 |
Haryana | 84 | 73 | 106 | 86 | 73 | 52 | 83 | 87 |
Himachal Pradesh | 90 | 68 | 118 | 97 | 68 | 54 | 91 | 94 |
J & K | 67 | 55 | 88 | 81 | 55 | 53 | 69 | 82 |
Karnataka | 113 | 89 | 87 | 61 | 89 | 50 | 75 | 70 |
Kerala | 90 | 72 | 109 | 97 | 72 | 76 | 97 | 97 |
Madhya Pradesh | 102 | 88 | 84 | 62 | 88 | 35 | 64 | 67 |
Maharashtra | 113 | 84 | 106 | 80 | 84 | 55 | 88 | 85 |
Manipur | 86 | 68 | 91 | 93 | 68 | 43 | 69 | 87 |
Megahalaya | 93 | 50 | 111 | 86 | 50 | 25 | 69 | 94 |
Mizoram | 114 | 73 | 102 | 108 | 73 | 39 | 71 | 88 |
Nagaland | 94 | 59 | 105 | 107 | 59 | 40 | 71 | 85 |
Orissa | 91 | 70 | 75 | 59 | 70 | 45 | 63 | 66 |
Punjab | 82 | 71 | 100 | 86 | 71 | 59 | 85 | 86 |
Rajasthan | 97 | 72 | 74 | 56 | 72 | 35 | 58 | 64 |
Sikkim | 113 | 61 | 118 | 75 | 61 | 33 | 77 | 90 |
Tamil Nadu | 109 | 85 | 98 | 80 | 85 | 61 | 91 | 74 |
Tripura | 88 | 80 | 110 | 82 | 80 | 40 | 81 | 84 |
Uttar Pradesh | 62 | 47 | 80 | 54 | 47 | 33 | 61 | 66 |
West Bengal | 92 | 56 | 94 | 63 | 56 | 33 | 67 | 74 |
A & N Islands | 87 | 64 | 108 | 116 | 64 | 73 | 94 | 94 |
Chandigarh | 80 | 60 | 142 | 57 | 60 | 45 | 87 | 95 |
D & N Haveli | 96 | 70 | 98 | 61 | 70 | 55 | 79 | 55 |
Daman & Diu | 99 | 74 | 138 | 69 | 74 | 57 | 100 | 76 |
Delhi | 89 | 68 | 107 | 93 | 68 | 70 | 84 | 95 |
Lakshadweep | 105 | 73 | 138 | 96 | 73 | 69 | 97 | 98 |
Pondicherry | 94 | 74 | 86 | 107 | 74 | 84 | 98 | 93 |
All India | 90 | 71 | 85 | 65 | 71 | 43 | 69 | 72 |
P : Primary, UP: Upper Primary, GER: Gross Enrolment Ratio and NER: Net Enrolment Ratio, Source: Thakur and Mehta (1999) and NSSO (1998).
Table 16: Retention Rate at All India Level, 1964-65 to 1998-99 (Percentage)
Year Class V Class VIII
Total Girls Total Girls
1964-65 37.10 32.00 — —
1974-75 36.80 33.30 21.30 16.30
1984-85 50.38 47.54 35.65 29.60
1990-91 61.04 56.41 39.10 34.87
1998-99* 60.26 58.68 43.18 39.91
* Provisional, Source: Varghese and Mehta (1999a) and MHRD (2000a).
Table 17: Repetition Rate in Primary Grades, 1993-94
GRADES | |||||
I | II | III | IV | V | |
Boys | 7.6 | 5.5 | 7.3 | 5.8 | 5.9 |
Girls | 7.9 | 5.8 | 7.3 | 5.8 | 5.9 |
Total | 7.7 | 5.7 | 7.3 | 5.8 | 5.9 |
Source: Thakur and Mehta (1999).
Table 18: Rates of Efficiency (1997-98)
State & UT | Input/Output Ratio | Years Input per Graduate | ||||
Boys | Girls | Total | Boys | Girls | Total | |
Andhra Pradesh | 0.68 | 0.63 | 0.68 | 7.3 | 7.9 | 7.6 |
Arunachal Pradesh | 0.61 | 0.60 | 0.61 | 8.2 | 8.4 | 8.3 |
Assam | 0.87 | 0.61 | 0.75 | 5.8 | 8.2 | 6.7 |
Bihar | 0.60 | 0.51 | 0.57 | 8.3 | 9.8 | 8.8 |
Goa | 0.99 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.2 |
Gujarat | 0.68 | 0.70 | 0.69 | 7.4 | 7.1 | 7.3 |
Haryana | 0.84 | 0.80 | 0.82 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 6.1 |
Himachal Pradesh | 0.73 | 0.90 | 0.81 | 6.8 | 5.6 | 6.2 |
J & Kashmir | 0.82 | 0.78 | 0.80 | 6.1 | 6.4 | 6.2 |
Karnataka | 0.72 | 0.66 | 0.69 | 6.9 | 7.6 | 7.2 |
Kerala | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.7 |
Madhya Pradesh | 0.91 | 0.80 | 0.86 | 5.5 | 6.2 | 5.8 |
Maharashtra | 0.85 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 6 |
Manipur | 0.97 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.1 |
Meghalaya | 0.56 | 0.51 | 0.54 | 8.9 | 9.8 | 9.3 |
Mizoram | 0.79 | 0.81 | 0.80 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 6.3 |
Nagaland | 0.59 | 0.58 | 0.59 | 8.4 | 8.6 | 8.5 |
Orissa | 0.67 | 0.61 | 0.64 | 7.5 | 8.2 | 7.8 |
Punjab | 0.93 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 5.5 |
Rajasthan | 0.81 | 0.67 | 0.76 | 6.2 | 7.5 | 6.6 |
Sikkim | 0.59 | 0.50 | 0.54 | 8.5 | 10 | 9.2 |
Tamil Nadu | 0.81 | 0.82 | 0.81 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.2 |
Tripura | 0.65 | 0.68 | 0.66 | 7.7 | 7.4 | 7.6 |
Uttar Pradesh | 0.37 | 0.24 | 0.32 | 13.4 | 21.2 | 15.7 |
West Bengal | 0.41 | 0.29 | 0.35 | 12.2 | 17.3 | 14.3 |
A & N Islands | 0.98 | 0.91 | 0.94 | 5.1 | 5.5 | 5.3 |
Chandigarh | – | – | – | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 |
D & N Haveli | 0.84 | 0.78 | 0.82 | 6 | 6.4 | 6.1 |
Daman & Diu | 0.92 | 0.90 | 0.91 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 5.5 |
Delhi | – | – | – | 4.5 | 3.8 | 4.1 |
Lakshadweep | 0.82 | 0.92 | 0.87 | 6.1 | 5.4 | 5.8 |
Pondicherry | – | – | – | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.5 |
INDIA | 0.70 | 0.63 | 0.67 | 7.2 | 8.0 | 7.5 |
Source: Thakur and Mehta (1999).
Table 19: Transition Rate (%), All India, 1970-71 to 1997-98
Year | Transition Rate | |||
Boys | Girls | Total | Boys/Girls Differential | |
1970-71 | 86.80 | 74.08 | 82.56 | 12.72 |
1975-76 | 87.99 | 78.34 | 84.58 | 9.65 |
1980-81 | 92.11 | 81.77 | 88.35 | 10.34 |
1985-86 | 90.79 | 82.01 | 87.45 | 8.78 |
1990-91 | 95.20 | 93.22 | 94.42 | 1.98 |
1991-92 | 87.00 | 83.00 | 85.00 | 4.00 |
1997-98* | 89.00 | 91.00 | 86.00 | (2.00) |
* Provisional, Source: Varghese and Mehta (1999a). For years 1991-92 & 1997-98 calculated by the author.
Table 20: State-specific Transition Rates (Grade IV/V to V/VI)
State & UT | 1991-92 | 1997-98 | ||||
Boys | Girls | Total | Boys | Girls | Total | |
Andhra | 85 | 79 | 82 | 95 | 93 | 89 |
Arunachal | 76 | 73 | 75 | 85 | 83 | 91 |
Assam | 102 | 87 | 96 | 88 | 88 | 92 |
Bihar | 78 | 69 | 75 | 94 | 95 | 86 |
Goa | 88 | 82 | 85 | 78 | 79 | 105 |
Gujarat | 73 | 74 | 74 | 85 | 84 | 90 |
Haryana | 78 | 68 | 74 | 72 | 77 | 109 |
Himachal | 92 | 88 | 90 | 83 | 81 | 92 |
J&K | 140 | 117 | 130 | 103 | 98 | 73 |
Karnataka | 76 | 76 | 76 | 94 | 95 | 88 |
Kerala | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 95 | 102 |
M.P | 81 | 64 | 75 | 91 | 91 | 99 |
Maharashtra | 97 | 89 | 93 | 97 | 97 | 86 |
Manipur | 89 | 86 | 88 | 76 | 78 | 104 |
Meghalaya | 89 | 89 | 89 | 88 | 89 | 78 |
Mizoram | 87 | 85 | 86 | 90 | 91 | 100 |
Nagaland | 72 | 78 | 75 | 77 | 79 | 81 |
Orissa | 83 | 87 | 84 | 96 | 96 | 100 |
Punjab | 95 | 90 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 88 |
Rajasthan | 98 | 86 | 95 | 97 | 96 | 92 |
Sikkim | 56 | 56 | 56 | 84 | 84 | 103 |
Tamil Nadu | 82 | 74 | 79 | 88 | 88 | 106 |
Tripura | 78 | 73 | 76 | 73 | 75 | 73 |
Uttar Pradesh | 91 | 74 | 85 | 92 | 92 | 67 |
West Bengal | 102 | 116 | 109 | 67 | 77 | 46 |
A&N Islands | 81 | 76 | 79 | 82 | 83 | 114 |
Chandigarh | 124 | 121 | 122 | 112 | 110 | 84 |
D&N Haveli | 57 | 64 | 59 | 85 | 77 | 102 |
Daman & Diu | 75 | 78 | 76 | 90 | 95 | 107 |
Delhi | 111 | 94 | 103 | 83 | 84 | 81 |
Lakshadweep | 68 | 77 | 72 | 86 | 82 | 116 |
Pondicherry | 102 | 99 | 101 | 95 | 95 | 87 |
Source: Calculated by the author based on information given in MHRD publications.
Table 21: Out-of-School Children (1998-99) and Requirement of Additional Enrolment in 2007-8 to Achieve UPE (In thousand)
State | Out-of-School Children, 1998-99 | Net Additional Enrolment (Classes I-V) Requirements, 2007-8 | |||||
Total | Girls | Boys | Total | Girls | Boys | ||
Andhra | 2340 | 1252 | 1090 | 1129 | 727 | 406 | |
Arunachal | 24 | 15 | 9 | 63 | 40 | 23 | |
Assam* | – | – | – | 120 | 225 | -104 | |
Bihar* | 2955 | 2477 | 478 | 2231 | 2432 | -192 | |
Goa | 87 | 46 | 41 | 231 | 131 | 100 | |
Gujarat | 960 | 671 | 289 | 1039 | 789 | 247 | |
Haryana | 689 | 309 | 380 | 1100 | 502 | 597 | |
Himachal | 229 | 127 | 101 | 536 | 337 | 202 | |
J&K | 384 | 255 | 128 | 629 | 451 | 184 | |
Karnataka | 937 | 538 | 399 | 681 | 388 | 294 | |
Kerala | 918 | 461 | 456 | 1037 | 505 | 531 | |
M.P* | – | – | – | 1413 | 1230 | 167 | |
Maharashtra | 1662 | 860 | 802 | 2838 | 1465 | 1371 | |
Manipur | 76 | 47 | 30 | 187 | 118 | 71 | |
Meghalaya | 101 | 53 | 48 | 214 | 126 | 89 | |
Mizoram | 20 | 12 | 8 | 66 | 39 | 27 | |
Nagaland | 59 | 29 | 29 | 137 | 75 | 62 | |
Orissa | 1161 | 830 | 329 | 1155 | 888 | 268 | |
Punjab | 748 | 324 | 423 | 1142 | 486 | 656 | |
Rajasthan | 1754 | 1498 | 257 | 2465 | 2110 | 366 | |
Sikkim | 17 | 9 | 8 | 47 | 26 | 19 | |
Tamil Nadu | 957 | 499 | 458 | 311 | 178 | 134 | |
Tripura* | – | – | – | 95 | 85 | 9 | |
U.P | 11477 | 6566 | 4910 | 14264 | 8761 | 5548 | |
West Bengal | 4161 | 2220 | 1941 | 5211 | 2889 | 2312 | |
A&N Islands | 15 | 6 | 9 | 32 | 14 | 17 | |
Chandigarh | 50 | 22 | 28 | 113 | 54 | 59 | |
D&N Haveli | 3 | 3 | 0 | 12 | 8 | 3 | |
Daman & Diu | 3 | 2 | 1 | 13 | 8 | 5 | |
Delhi | 517 | 248 | 268 | 1477 | 788 | 689 | |
Lakshadweep | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 | |
Pondicherry | 37 | 20 | 17 | 116 | 70 | 45 | |
India | 33063 | 20340 | 12726 | 40108 | 25949 | 13387 | |
Note: * Either the enrolment data and projected population or estimates of overage/underage children in these states are not reliable | |||||||
Source: Computed by the author based on the information given in MHRD (2000a) and NCERT (1998).
Table 22: Likely Year of Achievement of Goals of UPE/UEE (Based on Trend Analysis)
State | Primary Middle | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Boys | Girls Boys | Girls | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
* Not in sight
** Sometime after the year 2008/09
*** Just after the year 2008/09
+ Estimates of over-age/under-age not available
++ Tamil Nadu perhaps is the only state which might have already achieved goal of UPE.
Note : @ Disaggregated projections at the state level are supposed to produce more reliable projections than at the all-India level. Likely years are based on the refined enrolment ratios computed on the basis of 23.71 and 15.78 per cent grossness at primary and upper primary levels. The projections are subject to change when more reliable state-specific estimates of overage and underage children are available.
Source: Mehta, 1998.